Businesses And Business Communication Has Impacted By...

Businesses and business communication could be greatly impacted by cultural differences, especially when conducting business internationally or with people of various cultures. Understanding cultural differences is a key to succeed at communicating or conducting businesses since culture influences how people think, communicate and behave (Salacuse, 2005). Having a deep comprehension and adapting to a new culture become more significant when someone is traveling overseas to re-locate him or herself and work at a different country. Kelly was born and raised in Alberta, Canada, where during her school years, she was able to learn how to speak and write Japanese. At 15, Kelly became an exchange student and was able to spend four enjoyable†¦show more content†¦They even offered training sessions about life in Japan and potential problems that might arise. Kelly happened to be a little over confident with her prior experience living in Japan during her four months as exchange student and she believed that her understanding of the Japanese culture was enough for her to go work in Japan without attending any of the training sessions. What Kelly didn’t know is that the city where she was sent to was completely different from the city where she was an exchange student. Osaka was a large city full of life and plenty of night activities; on the other hand, Soto was a small city on a remote island called Shikoku, with barely anything to do. However, Kelly planned to use all of her vacation time and holidays to travel around Japan and see those places that she might never have a chance to see again. Regardless of not having much to do at Soto, she knew this was going to be a great place to improve her Japanese since not many people spoke English and she was forced to practice Japanese. This was going to be the first time Kelly was working at a Japanese office and she was soon to realize that her lack of understanding of the local culture was going to bring up some problems in the workplace. Kelly was given an easy schedule to work Monday through Friday from 8:30 AM until 5:00 PM. The contract given to her by CLAIR stipulated her working hours,

Comparing The Oppression Of Women And A Metaphorical...

In comparing the oppression of women to a metaphorical birdcage, Marilyn Frye’s essay â€Å"Oppression† expands the definition of what constitutes as an oppressive act. In doing so, some would argue that her definition allows for nearly every interaction between men and women to have some underlying sexist tone. Others, including myself, would deny such a claim and argue that as opposed to stretching the realms of sexism, Frye’s interpretation contributes to a deeper understanding of sexism in modern society. While it is true that Frye’s metaphor could be over applied and abused, in the long term, it is more beneficial than detrimental. Because the situation of women in the western world has improved vastly in comparison to other societies,†¦show more content†¦It is my belief that the sexism in this act lied firmly in the way he chuckled, and shook his head condescendingly at me. It was as though he were thinking to himself how cute it was that a little woman like me to hold open the door for a strong, capable man such as himself. In laughing at this simple, objectively polite act he confirmed the thought-process behind this â€Å"chivalrous act†. Men hold open the door for woman, not because it’s necessarily polite, but because men subconsciously believe women to be weak. Not only that, but consider the fact that rarely do men hold open the door for men. This is no doubt because men consider other men to be capable of handling themselves in all manners, especially in things as simple as holding open a door. However, this is only one side of the argument, and without the opposing side the discussion is limited. Others would argue that holding open a door is just that, nothing more or less. It is a polite act instilled in many people, especially those living in the Southern areas of the United States, where politeness is particularly emphasized. It could certainly be that is not the act that is sexist but the i ndividual reasons as to why one opens the door for another person. While one man may do so because he believes a woman needs unnecessary help, another may do it because it is not an out of the way gesture. One man may laugh at the act of a woman holding open the door for him, while another

“Out of area treatments in mental health” the Leeds experience Free Essays

Introduction This essay will critically analyse the article â€Å"out of area treatments in mental health†. Critical analysis is a method used to ascertain if the argument presented is credible. I t also ensures that the ideas are carefully evaluated rather than just mere acceptance based on probabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Out of area treatments in mental health† the Leeds experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now Language can be used in many ways in order to sound convincing to the reader. An efficient and effective critical analysis will â€Å"ensure awareness of these ploys†, thus enabling â€Å"objective evaluation† of the argument that is being presented (Bowell and Kemp 2005). This article will also devolve into the antecedent of the author and the source of his article which would be used to evaluate the entire article. The article’s structure will be analysed, with a particular focus on the author’s conclusion and how the article was written to support this. This essay will also examine the use of various evidence that was applied in the author’s article, focusing on its’ credibility and searching for any imperfection or weakness. A detailed evaluation of its flaws would be discussed, in which the author used to convince his readers. There would be a short summary that would weigh the article in general highlighting its credibility and limitations. The essay will begin with the analysis of the author’s antecedent and values. The article was written by Jeremy Pritlov – a mental health development manager at Leeds social services department. As a result of these background checks, I would want to conclude that it appears he is in a position to give a detailed overview of costs to service users and services of out of area treatment. In the second paragraph of the article where Jeremy Pritlove says: â€Å"Not only does this not make economic sense, but people may be taken away from their families and communities for no good reason† (Pritlove), I would be inclined to agree with this because the presence of family and friends showing love and affection during the convalescent stage of mental health patient is essential. In the subsequent paragraph, the author insisted that â€Å"the origin of outpatient treatments lie in the reduction of NHS inpatient psychiatric beds over recent years and this appears to be true† (Pritlove). It is evident that there were austerity measures taken by the present government which was felt particularly at the NHS which may have, as a result, led to rationalising of treatments. However, I would want to imagine that if the author had thought about the possibility of an increment in the rate people abuse drugs that lead to mental health anomaly, (Class A drugs to be specific) then this might have been too overwhelming for NHS to cope with, hence other drastic actions were taken including â€Å"out of area treatment†. A focus on the Leeds experience Leeds Partnerships Trust states that its aim is: â€Å"to ensure that all service users will receive high levels of appropriate care and treatment within services local to them† (Leeds Partnership Trust). The trust has taken action to decrease the number of out of area treatments and there has subsequently been a big decrease the number of such placements from 2009 to 2010: 403 to 196. After an intensive search to ascertain whether there is a national statistic on the â€Å"out of area treatments in mental health†, it appears that the author was on track with that fact. Numbers of Leeds patients sent out of area The author wrote about various figures, linking different dates without satisfactory publication. One can cross-check to ensure they actually correlate with one another especially the part which states â€Å"reaching a peak in 403 of 2009† (Pritlove). However, the statement that suggests â€Å"2010 saw a dramatic decline to 196†, is quite mesmerising and needs to be verified. Leeds out of area treatments: the personal cost The author showed an in-depth understanding of the personal cost here, besides the financial cost of travelling to visit their loved ones recuperating, the author also mentioned the other cost like those with children and the distance shortcomings. However, the author did not proffer any solution to this. Instead, he claimed that one would imagine that his known solution would be to reduce out of area treatments â€Å"significantly† but there may be other relevant temporal measures that can be taken to combat the â€Å"personal cost† which may include; fare vouchers and organised weekly travels to different non Leeds areas which would be highly welcomed by affected families. This relates closely to a national study by Ryan and Ryan, which showed that â€Å"significant numbers of people were placed at a great distance (i.e. up to 300 miles) from home.† (Ryan Ryan, 2004). Leeds out of area treatments: the financial cost The author’s figures therewith correlate with stated facts as seen on http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk. The author further wrote that placements were on average 66% more expensive than local treatments. This further justifies his reiterations, i.e. Out of area treatment is not sustainable. As mentioned above, the financial costs also included personal cost, however, the author did not include in the summary of his figures. I would argue that he was clear on the financial cost not being sustainable with verifiable figures and convincing argument. The author also claimed that â€Å"the longer a patient stayed out of area, the more likely it was that the provider was private†. However, I would argue that the author was giving an indication of bias or deliberate mismanagement of public funds (to at least be mild not to point at fraud). It is important to mention that the majority of the money that Leeds health commissioners spent on out of area treatment, went to private healthcare providers. From 2004 to 2009, more than two-thirds of placements were with private providers, but this dropped to just over half of that during 2010. Steve Gold, a journalist, argued in the Guardian last year that the private healthcare sector has come â€Å"a very long way in the last 10 years, and the government’s health and social care bill looks set to provide significant new opportunities.† (Gold 2011) Why out of area treatments? The author started with a strong point by exhibiting the reason behind the cause of out of treatments. He further brought out some important facts that had eluded his article so far. For example, he mentioned that other reasons for out of area treatments could be as a result of confidentiality and lack of specialists in Leeds. These are credible and tangible facts that I presume the author (deliberately) tried to cover-up because he had only mentioned his so called â€Å"lack of space† to ensure his readers get hypnotized by agreeing strongly with him. Furthermore, he also wrote about the possibilities of mental health discrimination though he refused to elaborate. Moving on to Leeds Partnerships Trust’s response section, the author portrayed the achievements and possibly the readiness of the trust together with its commitments as seen in â€Å"fall in the number of such placements from 2009 to 2010: 403 to 196†. As good as this seems to be, although he was rather quoting the response, he did not write on its limitations, challenges and shortcomings. He moved on to agree that the situation in Leeds was not â€Å"unique† therefore it is a national problem supposedly. Moreover, he gave huge credence to the fact that the trust is responding the problems in an acceptable way despite his heavy criticism at the beginning. It has been revealed by national studies, that the situation in Leeds is not unusual. The personal cost of placements to patients and their families is ‘enormous’ (Mountain et al, 2009) an ‘overwhelming expenditure’. However, when this is added to the overall financial cost, taking any form of action is a huge expenditure. Chris Naylor, a Senior Researcher at The King’s Fund, and Andy Bell, a Deputy Chief Executive for Mental Health, both argue that the National Health Service (NHS) faces â€Å"an output gap of about ?14 billion over the next three years† (Naylor, Bell), thus, supporting the article by Pritlove. They argue that this is as a result of it† needing to make improvements of around four per cent per year† (Naylor, Bell). Around 12 per cent of the delegation budgets of primary care trusts (PCTs) accounts for mental health. That will therefore need to feature highly in responding to this ?nancial challenge This is prime support of the fact that Leeds is not in a unique situation, something in which the author also argues. Naylor and Bell move on to argue that â€Å"The National Health Service (NHS) is confronting a very big and important challenge financially† (Naylor and Bell). Unless there is a great change in how services are delivered, there will be a â€Å"substantial gap between the actual funding available and that required to improve the quality of patient care and to respond to demographic changes and other cost pressures.† (Naylor and Bell) This is the case even with the smaller increases in funding over the next four years which were announced in a Comprehensive Spending Review by the government. To summarise, this essay analysed the ‘out of area treatments in mental health.’ It concludes that whilst a lot of work still remains to be done and the need for action must be a priority, Leeds is not alone in this problem. There is evidence to suggest that the trust in Leeds is attempting to respond to these issues in a positive way and attempting to reduce, decrease and diminish the personal, and financial effects of out of area treatments. The author showed an in-depth and knowledgeable understanding of the personal cost of out of area treatment, but unfortunately did not come up with any ready solution. He was also very clear on the financial costs of the out of area â€Å"treatment† but there was evidence of some bias towards public funds. The author also argued very comprehensively and clearly the reasoning behind the cause of out of area treatments. However, he then failed to elaborate on the possibilities of mental health discrimination. In conclusion, it would appear that a fundamental priority for commissioners at the moment would be to â€Å"reduce the use of out-of-area placements† (Naylor and Bell). Diverting current spending on these placements into local services will make it possible to achieve abundant savings, as well as improving the quality of care that the people currently placed outside their local area are receiving. Bibliography Healthcare Commission (2004) Ratings 2004: Out of catchment area treatments (adults).London: Healthcare Commission. Killaspy, H. (2010) Quoted in ‘Millions wasted on treating mentally ill away from their communities’. The Guardian, Society, 14 April 2010. Leeds Hospital Alert (2009) Out of Area Treatments in Mental Health: The Leeds situation 2004 to 2008. Available at: www.leedshospitalalert.org.uk or from Leeds Hospital Alert, The Cardigan Centre, 145/149 Cardigan Road, Leeds LS6 1LJ. Mountain, D., Killapsy, H. Holloway, F. (2009) Mental health rehabilitation services in the UK in 2007. Psychiatric Bulletin 33 215-218. Royal College of Psychiatrists (2010) PCTs ‘wasting millions’ on out-of-area treatments, reveals RCPsych (14 April 2010). Ryan, T. Rayne, M. (2007) Working with the independent sector and managing out of area treatments. Mental Health Review Journal 12 (2). Pritlove, J. (2012) ‘Out of area treatments in mental health: the Leeds experience’, mentalhealth Today, May/June 2012, pp. 19-21 How to cite â€Å"Out of area treatments in mental health† the Leeds experience, Essay examples

Values of Leadership In Business Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Values of Leadership In Business. Answer: Introduction Leadership is an important element in the business because it maintains the relationship between employees and employer. The role of leaders is to guide their followers in an appropriate manner in which they make able themselves to recognize that what is wrong and what is right. It is required for the leaders to adapt the various theories and qualities to handle the workforce of the business in an efficient manner. It will reflect the self awareness of leadership in the business along with the strength and weaknesses of the values of leadership. The opportunities and barriers will be mentioned in this report. Leadership skills It has been analyzed that leadership skill must have in the leader to handle the various situations in the business. A leadership skill involves the motivation, delegation, positivity, and trustworthiness, clarity in communication, feedback and responsibility. Leaders must have the quality of good values and ethics to connect with vital situations through making the followers understand regarding bad habits such as smoking or drinking in the premises of organization should be prohibited (Adair, 2013). The activities of leaders has been observed while working, he engages with the team member and handle every situations patiently whether its supportive or non-supportive by his end. Leader should not misbehave with his employee and always support them to accomplish the task. I learned that leader has the ability to change the working environment by giving support to his followers. It will give me satisfactory resolutions. Leadership is able to encourage my motivation and productivity an d help me to attain the goal progressively (Syed, Bandara, French Stewart, 2016). Perceptions My perceptions are similar of the person with whom I share my assessment. Leadership is important tool to manage the situations of the organization. Clear communication, directions and goals should be clear of leader. Communication is the backbone of the managing the conversation of the management and leader should have the excellent communication skills so that companys vision and mission can be conveyed to the employee in clear manner (Simha, Armstrong Albert, 2012). Direction and goals must be decisive as per the person with whom I shared my assessment so that the leader of the organization will not face any issues to share the goals of the company with the followers. My perception is different because it is not possible that leaders get every step and task easy, leaders should have the skills to make the tough description into easiest manner so that all the employees get better understanding regarding the goals and objectives of the company. Leadership styles There are various leadership styles which have been followed by leaders to encourage their followers for accomplishing the target within time frame. I as a leader follow transformational leadership style that refers the involvement of other employee in the decision making. It enhances the confidence of the employee and gives them job satisfaction because it is necessary for the organization to make employee feel that they are working at safer place. It is the leadership which builds social and creative changes in the organization (Nahavandi, 2016). By using the various motivation techniques, transformational leadership is able to enhance the motivation of the employees. There are four elements of transformational leadership that is individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and idealized influence (Selcer, Goodman, Decker, 2012). Due to use the style of transformational, it influences the employees effectively because I act as a coach and mentor with my followers and considers their needs and concerns on prior basis (Longenecker Fink, 2015). I give empathy and support and keep communication open to all my followers so that they could not get hesitate to share their views ad ideas. I involve intellectual stimulation in my leadership style that refers the risk and solicit followers ideas. I nurture people who have the ability to think independently. I motivate my followers ad invest my time to develop their skills. I give preference to the ethical behaviour and in case of any issues or conflicts, as per companys norms and policies I will take action against them who breaches the policy of an organization. Implementation of personal leadership plan Personal leadership plan of mine can be implemented if I focus to my strength for reducing the weaknesses of mine. I analyzed myself and found that my communication skills, positive attitude, creativity and delegation are my strength. The issues arise in the organization when the employees of the organization are unable to understand the objectives and goals of the company, I am able to convey the objectives and goals of the organization in front of them in an appropriate way and delegate the responsibilities as per their abilities. My positive attitude will enhance the productivity of the employee and make them sure that they are working at safe place, along with that positive attitude will be helpful for job satisfaction. Creativity of the leader brings the innovation in the organization and without innovation employee of the company might be got bored with their daily work and their learning skills will stop (Mabey Mayrhofer, 2015). The opportunities of this leadership plan can b e the growth of an organization as well as mine in effective manner. Good environment will bring the opportunity to make changes in the organization with new technology so that physical efforts can be reduced. Good leaders are able to see the potential risk and implement the plan in that way so that risk could not get hampered the organization. With new opportunities in the organization will be the reason of motivation for the employees and they will stay with company longer which will enhance the credibility of the organization (Chang, Chen Chiou, 2015). There are so many barriers which may cause the growth of the company. Refusing help, not asking for the right things, lack of functional and process credibility are certain barriers which may lead the organization adversely. I will not deny for help to my followers regarding organizational work and update myself about their activity and target so that time to time I will ensure and motivate them. I will implement of personal leade rship plan with good efficient manner. Conclusion It has been concluded that leadership is consider as the management tool which is necessary for the business to satisfy their employees by their job. It is the report which has been discussed the quality of leaders and leadership skills as well as the self awareness. I have learned that being a good leader is not easy but by following transformational leadership I can win the trust of employees and motivate them towards accomplish the goals. Certainly, I have weaknesses but with the help of my strength I will reduce and bring the various opportunities in the organization for not only in the favor of organization but also for the workers. References Adair, J. (2013). Develop Your Leadership Skills. Philadelhia : Kogan Page Publishers,. Chang, T. Z., Chen, S. J., Chiou, J. S. (2015). Management Leadership Behavior and Market Orientation: The Relationship and Their Effects on Organization Effectiveness and Business Performance. InMarketing, Technology and Customer Commitment in the New Economy(pp. 276-281). Springer, Cham. Day, D. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Leadership and Organizations. New York: Oxford University Press. Longenecker, C., Fink, L. S. (2015). Exceptional HR leadership rests on four foundations: Business acumen, trust, expertise and culture make up the cornerstones.Human Resource Management International Digest,23(1), 21-24. Mabey, C., Mayrhofer, W. (2015).Developing leadership: questions business schools don't ask. Sage. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Selcer, A., Goodman, G., Decker, P. J. (2012). Fostering Transformational Leadership in Business and Health Administration Education through Appreciative Inquiry Coaching.Business Education Innovation Journal,4(2). Simha, A., Armstrong, J. P., Albert, J. F. (2012). Who leads and who lags? A comparison of cheating attitudes and behaviors among leadership and business students.Journal of Education for Business,87(6), 316-324. Syed, R., Bandara, W., French, E., Stewart, G. (2016). The status of research on leadership in business process management: A call for action.

Tourettes Syndrome Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis, Tourette Syndrome

Tourette's Syndrome What Makes Them Tic? Tourette's syndrome is a neurological disorder, which involves involuntary body movements or Tics. There are two types of Tics, motor/physical and vocal. This paper will cover many aspects of Tourette's syndrome; including the history of the disease, the discovered of the disease, the genetics involved with the disorder, the diagnosis of the disease, and the effects of the disease on families. George Gils de la Tourette's a French doctor and biologist discovered Tourette's syndrome in 1885 (Landau 21). He was observing patients with unexplained repetitive movements and could not find any preexisting condition that would cause these symptoms. After extensive research he concluded that this disorder had not been documented before, so he named it Tourette's syndrome, after himself. Tourettes syndrome is a neurological disorder; it is inherited from a parents dominant gene, causing different symptoms among different family members. It is not known on which chromosome the disease is located. There is a 50% chance that one will pass this trait on to his/her offspring with each pregnancy (Shimberg 64). There is no prenatal testing that can be done before a child is born to determine if the child has the disease. Unlike other genetic disorders or disease Tourette's is not in the blood. Therefore testing will not give any indication of whether or not a child will develop Tourette's. Cases of the disease show males are burden with the disease three to four times more often then females. There is a 15% chance that the disorder will evolve during childhood. Both motor and vocal tics become less frequent with age but unfortunately will never Thursfield 2 disappear. The U.S. Medical Survey estimates that 100,000 people have full blown Tourette's syndrome, and there are up to 300,0000 have minor undiagnosed cases. Tourette's Syndrome causes an individual to lose control of body movement resulting in repetitive actions and verbalizations. These involuntary movements are called tics. There are two kinds of tics, motor/physical and vocal. Motor tics can be simple or complex in appearance. Simple motor tics are abrupt, sudden, and brief movements, occurring in a single or isolated manner. Examples of simple motor tics include eye blinking, head jerking, shoulder shrugging and facial grimacing. Complex tics are distinct, coordinated patterns of sequential movements. Examples of complex tics include such acts as touching the nose, touching other people, smelling objects, jumping, copropraxia (obscene gestures), and echopraxia (mimicking movements preformed by others), head shaking associated with shoulder shrugging, and repetitive kicking of the legs (Shimber 25). Complex physical tics among Tourettes patients are uncommon and only found among a small population. Motor tics usually recur in the same part of the body, and multiple regions of the body can be involved. The expressions of the tics are not necessarily identical from occurrence to occurrence, even within the same body part. Tics often recede from one part of the body and evolve elsewhere. Vocal or phonic tics are caused by air moving through the mouth, nose, or throat. Vocal tics can be subdivided into simple and complex. Simple vocal tics include sounds, groans, grunting, hissing, gurgling, gasping, belching, screaming, snorting, shouting, puffing and other mouth noises. Complex vocal tics consist of uttering words or phrases out of context and coprolalia (vocalizing socially unacceptable words). Thursfield 3 There are several associated behaviors in addition to the tics that Tourettes patients suffer from. One of the most common disorders is Attention Deficit Disorder with or without Hyperactivity (ADD or ADHD). Symptoms of ADD may include: difficulty with concentration, falling to finish what is started, not listening, and often acting before thinking (Shimberg 74). Tourettes patients may also suffer from obsession and or exhibit sleeping disorders. Obsession consists of repetitive unwanted or bothersome thoughts. Those patients that suffer from sleeping disorders may frequently walk or talk in his/her sleep. A typical case of Tourettes syndrome is hard to define because the symptoms fall within a wild spectrum from mild to sever. Observing symptoms and evaluating one who exhibits characteristics of Tourettes syndrome is the only way to make a diagnosis. Since, this is a neurological disorder there are no x rays, scans, blood or neurological test that can be preformed to determine if this is the condition that

Islamic Fundamentalism Replaces Communism Essay

Islamic Fundamentalism Replaces Communism Essay Free Online Research Papers Islamic fundamentalism has replaced communism as the enemy of the day. But despite the growing perception in this country that Islamic fundamentalism poses a threat to the United States, many Americans have only a minimal understanding of who Islamic fundamentalists are, what they believe and why their ranks continue to grow. Misconceptions are common, with one-dimensional views of Islamic fundamentalists as violent extremists prevailing over more nuanced understandings of a movement that is complex and diverse. Context, say scholars, is everything, and the political and economic climate that pertains in many Muslim countries, particularly in the Middle East, fuels Islamist movements that go beyond respect and reverence for the Islamic religion to adopt Islam as a political strategy or that refer to Islamic principles in calling for social and political reforms. These â€Å"Islamist† movements have developed increasing popular support as other efforts at economic and political reform in Muslim societies have failed. Woman Half the Man Islamic sacred law, the Shari`a, has been regarded by Muslims as a perfect, divinely ordained religious-ethical-legal system. The Shari`a relates Muslims to Gods purposes by providing comprehensive directives in the two spheres of human activity: those actions that relate humanity to God, and those that relate humans to fellow humans. The former actions are categorized as `ibadat (literally, acts of honoring God, technically, God-human relationships) and the latter is known as mu`amalat (literally, transactions, technically, interhuman relationships). Whereas the God-human relations have remained more or less immutable in the Shari`a, the area of interhuman relationships has demanded a rethinking and reinterpretation of the normative sources like the Quran and the Sunna (Tradition) to deduce new directives under changed social conditions. There are problems connected with the way normative sources are retrieved and interpreted by Muslim jurists which have hampered the necessary progr ess towards one particular area in the interhuman relationships, namely, the personal status of Muslim women. The juridical deliberations in the exclusively male-oriented traditional centers of Islamic learning, the madrasa, have disregarded female voices in the emerging discourse connected with womens issues and human rights. The redefinition of the status of a Muslim woman in modern society is one of the major issues that confront Muslims. But such a redefinition is dependent upon Muslim womens participation in the legal- ethical deliberations concerning matters whose situational aspects can be determined only by women themselves. Without their participation in legal-ethical deliberations, womens rights will always depend on a representational discourse conducted by male jurists who, in spite of their good intentions, treats the subject as absent and hence, lacking the necessary qualification to determine her rights in a patriarchal society. Osama Bin Laden In todays society, we still see the Islamic religion affect the world around us. An Islam militant named Osama bin Laden has been using this religion to get people on his side and attack other countries for the good of Islam. He thinks more killings will get his people closer to paradise. This militant and his terrorist group has told US that they are declaring a holy war on US; thus, the United States struck back with missiles to destroy some of their weapons and arsenal. The Islamic religion has affected many things in this world from the past and present, which proves this is a popular religion in many cultures. Research Papers on Islamic Fundamentalism Replaces CommunismJean-Jaques Rousseau EmileThe Equal Rights AmendmentGlobal Distributive Justice is UtopianSociology is a ScienceLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesDeontological Teleological TheoriesThe Colour PurpleCombating Human TraffickingQuebec and CanadaJoel Kovel’s The Enemy of Nature

Strategic Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Planning - Assignment Example Irish colleges have changed their age old stance of focusing only on domestic students. Globalization of educational system has forced Irish colleges to think beyond domestic boundaries in order to attract international students. Higher educational system of Ireland has already experienced a boom due to rapid internationalization during the period of 1995 to 2007, which is known as ‘Celtic Tiger years’. In that era, China was an important source for student immigration in Irish colleges but supply of international student has reduced after the recession which has painstakingly reduced industrial output of Irish economy. As a result of industrial slowdown in Ireland, private parties have reduced higher education funding for universities and colleges (ICEF Monitor, 2012). In such context, Irish government has taken initiative known as â€Å"Education in Ireland† in order to market the existing education programme in Irish universities and colleges in international m arkets such as Argentina, Brazil, China, India, USA etc. Irish Government has planned to implement recommendations made by Hunt Report (2011) in order to attract international students... Hence, due to involvement of customer perception variables, Irish colleges need to build their brand among international students in order to convince them that Irish colleges are capable of delivering quality education. The researcher in the study is head of Strategic Planning Division of Irish owned and managed college and board of the college has asked the researcher to prepare strategic recommendation for the college on how to increase its penetration in Argentine educational sector and simultaneously increase its Argentine student base. Hence, following sections of the study will try to throw some light on issues like macro environmental analysis of Argentina, analysis of educational sector of Argentina, challenges regarding cultural and managerial practices in both countries, identifying strategic options etc. Part 1- Research Macro-environment To understand a country, one must take a step forward to analyze macro-environment of the country; hence the researcher will analyze ma cro-environment of Argentina in terms of PESTLE analysis. Political Argentina can be called as pariah state due to its unstable political environment which is complemented with nepotism, corruption and cronyism. Gabriel Torres (who is senior analyst in Moody's) has stated that, â€Å"Argentina's inability to solve its political differences is a problem, contentious politics make the country less able to cope with the impact of economic shocks† (Mercopress, 2009). Although political instability in the country has hampered the economic growth in the country but Argentine government has taken initiatives during 1990s to reform the educational sector in order to increase privatization and internationalization of higher education sector. Educational reform

Summarize two articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize two articles - Essay Example Bankrupt companies in Japan seem to find a way out of their debts by inviting foreign enterprises to bail them out. One example is Elpida Memory which agreed to be taken over by the American Company, Micron Technology for $760 million with the expectation that $1.8 billion be made to pay for Elpida’s debts in banks and other secured creditors at 70% of what they are owed. Unsecured creditors of Elpida, on the other hand only get 20-30% of what they are owed. This has caused much uproar amongst bondholders who complain that the Micron offer was way below the value of the Elpida company, which they claim is valued at $3.8 billion. Hence, they have resorted to seeking other sponsors to take over. In the past, Japan would not have allowed such battle to happen since investors rolled over funds while a restructuring was forced upon them. The government would force the takeover of a bankrupt company, causing negative outcomes for the company itself and its employees, and being a bur den to the economy. Nowadays, bankruptcy is a real option due to more openness to foreign take-overs rescuing failed Japanese

Evaluate the application of revenue management practice in the hotel Essay

Evaluate the application of revenue management practice in the hotel industry and discuss its impact on customers in the hotel industry; - Essay Example dification in the general handling of revenue management, inventory allocation, pricing strategy, use of information and channel management as concerns to revenue management tend to redefine the field. Similarly to how detailed past analysis might have a representation of the best pricing practice during the 1990s, apparently, the stock market-impacted algorithms exist in the cutting edge of modern pricing thought. Comparably, the highlighting on occupancy or average day to day rate, which might have dominion over revenue managers’ outlook over two decades ago has led to the dominance of revenue per available room i.e. RevPAR. Instances like this abound hence this article will endeavor to share all of the revenue management expertise with readers, in a series examining the modern revenue management’s best practices (Kimberley, Trevor & Juston 2008, p.12). Pricing tends to a feature of revenue management, which features a number of intriguing, as well as innovative developments recently. Whereas pricing has continues to be a significant driver having an effect on both occupancy, along with RevPAR, in the present environment surrounded by exceptional price transparency, rates have taken an even bigger role. Ascertaining the optimal rate to give to a potential customer tends to be one of the most significant concepts of revenue management. The basic fact that the appropriate rate- one that achieves the balance between replicating enough demand in maximizing occupancy, while at the same time, not deserting money on the table within the form of low down ADR turns out to be the key to a profitable revenue management strategy causing pricing perhaps the most significant concept of revenue management. Then how is a hotel capable of determining what the best rate has to be any time? In the past, this would center on historical analysis, while , at the same time, computed by the application of a discount to a fixed rack rate. In this case, there is no achievement of

Non-visual Motion Tracking

Non-visual Motion Tracking Additionally, (Taylor et al. 2010) demonstrated that the OSSCA method, which employs a combined use of OCST, SCoRE, and SARA techniques to process marker data and allows the estimation of joint parameters from kinematic data alone, without the necessity to use generic anatomical relationship assumptions, returns more reliable, repeatable and reproducible results than a standard generic regression approach. Although the accuracy of the data acquired by means of optical motion capture systems is very high in the controlled environment of the lab, the ambulatory use of this type of equipment is cumbersome and presents significant limitations which can not only compromise the precision of the acquired data, e.g. dependency on line-of-sight, limited range and latency of data (Schepers et al. 2010), but also the practicability of the acquisition itself, e.g. necessity of power source, set-up time, outdoor calibration of the system. Non-visual motion tracking Non-visual motion tracking is a sensor based technique, which can be carried out, amongst others, with acoustic, magnetic, or inertial sensors, or with a combination of these methods. Ultrasound based acoustic systems, e.g. the Bat system (Ward et al. 1997), Vallidis (Hazas and Ward 2002), the Cricket location system (Priyantha et al. 2000) and WearTrack (Foxlin and Harrington 2000), are capable of tracking the locations of pulse emitting beckons by using the time-of-flight information of audio signals. This type of motion tracking system is wireless, however, as with visual motion tracking, occlusion of the signal emitter poses a significant limitation. In contrast, magnetic systems, e.g. MotionStar ® (Ascension Technology), are capable of estimating their position and orientation within the global coordinate system, by using information from the local magnetic environment, and are, therefore, not constricted by line-of-sight. However, these systems are very sensitive to ferromagnetic interferences. Inertial motion capture systems, e.g. Moven (Xsens Technologies) and Alert (Verhaert), employ the use of accelerometer and gyroscopes to measure inclination angles. These systems are highly accurate, however, sensitive to vibration and subject to integration drift over time. In fact, throughout the past decade, the use of inertial sensors has gained increased popularity within researchers (Foxlin 1996; Roetenberg et al. 2007a; Roetenberg et al. 2005; Roetenberg et al. 2009; Roetenberg et al. 2003; Roetenberg et al. 2007b; Roetenberg and Veltink 2005), as well as general population. Many people schedule their daily activity based on the data presented by certain applications on their smartphones (e.g. Health app, Argus, MyFitnessPal), their smartwatches (e.g. Sony, LG, AppleWatch, Fitbit Surge) or pedometers and wristbands (e.g. Fitbit Flex, Garmin vivofit, Polar Loop, Jawbone). However, in the field of research, there is a need for more complex systems, which can provide more comprehensive information, of a larger variety. For this purpose, hybrid systems, combine the use of different techniques to compensate for the shortcomings of individual systems. Such hybrid systems are represented by acoustic-inertial systems (Vlasic et al. 2007; Ward et al. 2005), e.g. Constellationà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ (Foxlin et al. 1998), optical-inertial systems, e.g. Hy-Birdà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ (Ascension Technology) and inertial-magnetic systems, e.g. MERG sensors (Bachmann 2000), MTw development kit (Xsens Technologies), MVN Biomech and MVN Awinda (Xsens Technologies). Combined inertial and magnetic sensing is currently one of the more popular choices in this area of study and will be discussed at length in the following paragraphs. The light weight, wireless and cheap, inertial sensors equipped with accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers enable, when positioned on the human body, the computation of angular orientation of the anatomical segments to which they are attached to (Bellusci et al. 2013; Roetenberg et al. 2003). The on-board gyroscopes measure angular velocity, based on the principle of angular momentum, according to the following fundamental equation: (1) Where: à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ torque on the gyroscope; L angular momentum; I moment of inertia; à Ã¢â‚¬ ° angular velocity; ÃŽÂ ± angular acceleration. The most commonly used gyroscopes for human motion studies are piezo-electric, capable of detecting vibration of mass. When an object vibrates while rotating, it is subject to the Coriolis Effect. This causes a second vibration to occur orthogonally to the initial vibration direction. The rate of turn can be calculated from this latter vibration. According to the following equations: (2) Where: m mass; à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚   momentary speed of the mass with reference to the moving object to which it is attached. The resulting gyroscope signals are then defined as being the sum of angular velocity à Ã¢â‚¬ °t, offset due to temperature of gyroscope bt, and white noise à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚  G,t (Eq. 3). (3) The gyroscope output is very accurate, however, it is subject to errors and drift caused by integration of the signal over time, and the gyroscope temperature which can produce small offset errors, leading to large integration errors when calculating orientation. The use of compensatory estimation algorithms, such as Kalman filters can reduce the inherent errors in the gyroscope output signal (Roetenberg et al. 2003). Kalman filters are mathematical algorithms used to efficiently minimize the mean of the squared error of a system output (Welch and Bishop 1995). Kalman filters are particularly useful for combining parameters of different measurement systems so that the advantages of one compensates for the weakness of the other, e.g. accelerometers are often used in conjunction with gyroscopes, in order to compensate for inclination drifts in the gyroscope signal. The accelerometers measure the gravitational acceleration g and the vector sum of acceleration a. The output accelerometer signals are defined as the sum of acceleration at, gravity gt and white noise à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚  A,t. (4) The inclination information provided by gt can be used to correct the orientation drifts of the gyroscope (Roetenberg et al. 2003). A further common example of Kalman filtering, is using magnetometer readings to correct for the gyroscopes vertical axis drifts (Roetenberg et al. 2003). Magnetometers have the ability to detect local magnetic north and adjust heading direction. The principles by which the magnetometers work are described by following equation: (5) Where: ym,t magnetic signals; mt earth magnetic field vector; dt disturbance vector; vm,t -white noise. In real life measuring conditions the distribution of the magnetic field is often more complex and other parameters, such as changes in magnetic flux and the magnetic inclination angle, which can affect the magnitude of the magnetic disturbance, should be taken in consideration. The major limitations of using inertial and magnetic sensing for motion tracking are represented by the following factors: Ferromagnetic interferences can distort the local magnetic field and affect the measurements for the orientation about the vertical axis (Roetenberg et al. 2003). The velocity and type of movement performed and the geometry of the body segment to which the sensor is applied can affect the accuracy of the measurements (Roetenberg et al. 2005); Distances between body segments cannot be assessed by means of numerical integration (Roetenberg and Veltink 2005); Previous studies in which this type of equipment was used report a high accuracy of the output data (Cutti et al. 2010; Ferrari et al. 2010a; Seel et al. 2014), however, the limitations in using this motion capture system are far from being overcome. The most important and challenging aspect of the study is to use the acquired information in a biomechanically meaningful manner, e.g. the parameters declared as joint angles, need to be as anatomically accurate as possible, for this purpose assuming the joint angles can be calculated as the angles of movement between two anatomical segments is not enough, a more complex mathematical model needs to be developed in order to address the biomechanical characteristics of the studied joint. There are a variety of protocols and algorithms available for post processing of sensor data stemming from human motion studies. A common approach for solving a human kinematics problem is to compare the human body to a robot manipulator. Similarly to a robot manipulator, which forms a kinematic chain from links interconnected by joints, the human body can be considered a kinematic chain formed of anatomical segments connected by articulations. In theory, this is a very efficient manner to solve a biomechanical problem. Cutti et al., for example, use the Danavit-Hartenberg convention of robotics in their Outwalk protocol, which states that a kinematic chain with n joints will have n+1 links (Fig 2.4). To solve the kinematics, a coordinate system is rigidly attached to each link. In this case, when joint is actuated, the adjacent and its attached coordinate frame perform a motion. Whichever motion is performed by the kinematic chain, the coordinates of each point on are constant when expressed in the coordinate frame (Zatsiorsky 1998). The Danavit-Hartenberg convention has two conditions which need to be satisfied in order for the kinematic solution to be effective. The variables of a joint (e.g. rotation angles) are defined by the two coordinate systems of the links adjacent to the joint. So, for example, the coordinates of the frame are expressed in the frame. Firstly, the orthonormality of the frames needs to be established, meaning needs to be perpendicular to . Secondly, the projection of in the frame ought to intersect . Comparing the human body to a robotics model is a good starting point. However, using the, frequently associated, strap-down integration method when measuring human kinematics with sensing units poses a very important limitation (Seel et al. 2014). The strap-down-integration method is based on using sensing units securely fixed to the even surfaces of robotic elements. However, there is a significant difference between a robotic setup and an anatomical system. Firstly, aligning the sensor to an anatomical location, such that one axes of the sensor coordinate system coincides exactly with an axis of the anatomical joint, is nearly impossible (Seel et al. 2014). This issue has been addressed in different manners by researchers so far. In the Outwalk protocol, Cutti and Ferrari et al. define as many coordinate frames for each link as the joints they form. Each anatomical segment has, therefore, a distal and a proximal coordinate frame. The joint variables are defined by the distal coordinate frame of one segment and the proximal coordinate frame of its adjacent segment. Another issue that needs to be addressed, when discussing a human biomechanical model, is an almost certain misalignment of the thigh axis with the segments coordinate system. Some studies completely ignore the misalignment between the anatomical and the sensor axes (Seel et al. 2014). In the Outwalk protocol this problem is solved by expressing the flexion-extension axis of the knee in the coordinate system of the distal femur and defining the other revolution axes of the coordinate frame as being orthogonal with respect to the new axis. This is another promising approach, however, in order for this method to be effective, the knee flexion-extension axis needs to be accurately identified. In the case of hinge joints, such as the simplified model of a knee joint, it is possible to calculate data from inertial sensors attached to both ends of the joint. However, this resulting data still needs to be translated into joint related coordinate systems and although, it is impossible to determine the initial position of the sensors on the anatomical segment, there is a possibility to determine the direction of the joint axes, by using different approaches to identify a functional movement axis from a set of dynamic motion data (Cutti et al. 2010; Ferrari et al. 2010a; Seel et al. 2014). In their protocol Cutti and Ferrari et al. use Woltrings mathematical solution for determining the finite helical axis (reviewed in (Zatsiorsky 1998)) to identify the knee flexion-extension axis. Woltrings solution appears to be fitting at least for most motion capture systems (Seel et al. 2014). However, the sensing units used in our study cannot measure translation. This would pose a big problem and could potentially result in substantial errors. In order for the outcome of the study to be successful, it needs to satisfy a set of conditions: (1) it is very important that the resulting post-processed sensor data is biomechanically meaningful to the musculoskeletal system; (2) data acquisition needs to be user friendly, rapid and easy to complete; (2) sensor mounting is not allowed to restrict the participants movement in any manner; (3) the resulting data needs to relate to true anatomical joint angles; and (4) the resulting information needs to be comparable to the reference system (Vicon). Seel et al. offer a solution based on rotational angle estimates alone, which is not only more simple from a data acquisition and processing point of view, but also functions on principles similar to SARA and SCoRE. In the protocol proposed by Seel et al. the knee is assumed to be a simple hinge, with one sensor attached to each segment forming the joint. In order to compensate for the lack of information concerning the initial position of the sensors on the anatomical segments, the unit length direction vectors and the orientations of the two segments attached to the hinge joint (Fig 2.6) are estimated as described below. The Seel et al. solution only employs the use of what is considered to be raw accelerometer and gyroscope output data from the two sensors, the thigh sensor and the shank sensor. In reality, any output data produced by the Xsens sensors, used in Seel et al.s study and the current study, is pre-processed in real-time by the on-board Kalman filter. For the purpose of the summary of the following protocol, all data indexed with 1 refers to thigh sensor data and data derived there from, and all data indexed with 2 refers to shank data and data derived there from. Firstly, the unit length direction vectors of the flexion-extension axis of the knee , are identified in the local coordinates of the sensors, by using an optimisation algorithm to compute the values of . Where the spherical coordinates for are: (6) (7) With the following sum of squared errors: ; (8) A search function is then used to find which satisfy the following condition: (9) Where: angular rates recorded by the thigh and shank sensor, respectively, with the sample period: constant; Euclidean norm. The acceleration measured by each sensor is the sum of the acceleration due to movement around the joint centre and the acceleration due to the rotation of the sensor around the joint centre. In order to estimate the knee joint position expressed in the local coordinate systems of the sensors, the amounts by which are shifted in order to obtain the acceleration of the joint centre, are estimated first. Two arbitrary points along the axes are estimated using a Gauss-Newton optimization algorithm. These points are shifted as close as possible to the sensor origin by applying: (10) (11) The radial and tangential acceleration due to the rotation of the sensor around the joint centre is computed: ; i=1,2 (12) Where: are time derivatives for angular rate and (13) The following sum of squared errors is calculated: ; (14) A search function is used to find which satisfy the following constrain: (15) The knee flexion/extension angle based on the gyroscope information is calculated with the following equation: (16) The measured accelerations are shifted onto the joint axes by applying the following: (17) (18) Where, represent the same quantity in the two different local coordinate systems, which rotate with respect to each other around the flexion axis. The flexion/extension angle calculated according to acceleration data can be defined as the angle between the projections of . (19) Where, and are pairs of joint plane axes, defined by: ; The knee flexion/extension angle defined by fusing the accelerometer and gyro data is defined by: (20) Where: knee flexion extension angle calculated according to accelerometer data at time t; knee flexion extension angle calculated according to gyroscope data at time t; the weight of the accelerometer data. By using the most effective methods presented in the literature review, the current study will attempt to validate the inertial sensor protocol proposed by Seel et. al 2014 against a OSSCA method and to compare laboratory and non-laboratory based inertial motion capture.

Niccolo Machiavelli :: essays research papers

Niccolo Machiavelli was born on May 3, 1469, in Florence, Italy. He eventually became a man who lived his life for politics and patriotism. Right now, however, he is associated with corrupt, totalitarian government. The reason for this is a small pamphlet he wrote called The Prince to gain influence with the ruling Medici family in Florence. The political genius of Niccolo Machiavelli was overshadowed by the reputation that was unfairly given to him because of a misunderstanding of his views on politics. Machiavelli's life was very interesting. He lived a nondescript childhood in Florence, and his main political experience in his youth was watching Savanarola from afar. Soon after Savanarola was executed, Machiavelli entered the Florentine government as a secretary. His position quickly rose, however, and was soon engaging in diplomatic missions. He met many of the important politicians of the day, such as the Pope and the King of France, but none had more impact on him than a prince of the Papal States, Cesare Borgia. Borgia was a cunning, cruel man, very much like the one portrayed in The Prince. Machiavelli did not truly like Borgia's policies, but he thought that with a ruler like Borgia the Florentines could unite Italy, which was Machiavelli's goal throughout his life. Unfortunately for Machiavelli, he was dismissed from office when the Medici came to rule Florence and the Republic was overthrown. The lack of a job forced him to switch to writing about politics instead of being active. His diplomatic missions were his last official government positions. When Machiavelli lost his office, he desperately wanted to return to politics. He tried to gain the favor of the Medici by writing a book of what he thought were the Medici's goals and dedicating it to them. And so The Prince was written for that purpose. Unfortunately, the Medici didn't agree with what the book said, so he was out of a job. But when the public saw the book, they were outraged. The people wondered how cruel a man could be to think evil thoughts like the ones in The Prince, and this would come back to haunt him when he was alive and dead. However, if the people wanted to know what Machiavelli really stood for, they should have read his "Discourses on Livy", which explain his full political philosophy. But not enough people had and have, and so the legacy of The Prince continues to define Machiavelli to the general public.